GLOSSARY

The following definitions are for commonly used terms in the label manufacturing and printing industries.

Abrasion Resistance
The degree to which a label surface, including printing and protective coatings, is able to resist rubbing or wearing away by friction.

Acetates
Transparent and matte case triacetate films used as facestocks.

Acrylic Adhesive
PS adhesives base on acrylic polymers. Can be coated as a solvent or emulsion system. Noted for excellent stability in outdoor exposure.

Adhesion
A measurement of the force required to remove a label from a substrate. Several test methods normally characterize this force at various time intervals after application to various substrates.

Adhesion Build-Up
An increase in the peel adhesion value of a pressure-sensitive adhesive tape, after it has been allowed to dwell on the applied surface. Result of the adhesive "wetting out" on the substrates

Adhesive
A substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment.

Adhesive Failure
A partial or total lifting of the label from the substrate.

Adhesive Residue
The adhesive remaining behind on a substrate when a PS label is removed.

Adhesive, Cold Temperature
An adhesive that will enable a PS label to adhere when applied to refrigerated frozen substrates, generally +35 degrees F or colder.

Adhesive, High Temperature
An adhesive that will enable a PS label to withstand sustained elevated temperature (+200 degrees F or higher).

Adhesive, Permanent
A PS adhesive characterized by having relatively high ultimate adhesion. The label either cannot be removed intact or requires a great deal of force to be removed.

Adhesive, Removable
A PS adhesive characterized by low ultimate adhesion. The label can be removed from most substrates without damaging the surface or leaving a residue or stain.

Application Temperature
Temperature of a substrate or label material at the time the label will be applied. All Fasson adhesives have a minimum application temperature rating. Testing is recommended when approaching minimum application temperature.

Aqueous
Adhesives that use water as the carrier system.

Backing
An inexact term used in the pressure-sensitive adhesive industry. When referencing double-coated tapes and single coated products, it is the release liner. When referencing self-wound tapes, it is the material to which the adhesive is bonded.

Basis Weight
The weight of a ream of paper. Traditional version is given in pounds per ream. The modern version is given in grams per square meter.

Biaxially Oriented Films
A film which is extended and stretched in both the machine and cross direction. This stretching improves physical properties over non-oriented polypropylene.

Blocking Condition
where the labels stick to the back side of the liner above them. Usually due to adhesive flow, incomplete die cutting of the adhesive, improper drying of inks or improper drying or curing of coatings.

Bond Strength
The amount of force required to separate the joined surfaces.

Butt Cut Labels
Labels separated by a single cross-direction cut to the liner. No matrix area exists between labels. Butt cut labels are not suitable for automatic dispensing.

Butt Splice
A splice made by joining tape end to end without overlapping. The splice is assembled by a thin single coated tape centered on both sides.

Caliper
See THICKNESS.

Cast Coated
Coated paper dried under pressure against a polished cylinder produce a high-gloss finish to the paper.

Clear Coat
A varnish. A coating that protects the printing and the surface of a pressure-sensitive label from abrasion, sunlight, chemicals, moisture, or a combination of these.

Coated Paper
General term applying to all papers which have been surface coated with pigments.

Coating
A material, usually liquid, used to form a covering film over a surface. Its function is to decorate and or protect the surface from destructive agents or environment.

Coating Weight
The amount or weight of coating (normally adhesive) per unit area. This can be expressed as grams per square meter or pounds per ream.

Cohesion
The internal strength of an adhesive, its resistance to flow, and the resistance to failure or splitting when labels are removed, or under stress.

Cold Flow
The flow of a PS adhesive under pressure or stress.

Color Separation
In photography, the process of separating color originals into the primary printing color components in negative or positive form. In lithographic platemaking, the manual separation of colors by handwork performed directly on the printing surface. An artist can pre-separate by using separate overlays for each color.

Conformability
The ability of a PS material to yield to the contours of a curved or rough surface.

Core Plugs
Metal wood or compressed paper pulps which are driven into the paper core of the finished roll to prevent crushing or the damaging of the core.

Coupon Base
A splittable film product with adhesive and protective liner. When used in combination with another pressure-sensitive coated facestock affords the label converter the capability of manufacturing on press a redemption coupon that has a lift tab and is printed on both sides. A clear film remains on the labeled item after the coupon has been removed.

Creep
The small slow movement of the adhesive caused by continuing stress due to low cohesive strength.

Cure
To change the properties of an adhesive by chemical reaction or heat alone or in combination with or without pressure. Degradation The deterioration of a film over time, which is evidenced by cracking, chalking, blistering, color fading, etc.

Delamination
The separation of a material into layers, in a direction approximately parallel to the surface. For instance, a facestock separating from the liner during processing.

Die
Any of a variety of tools or devices used for cutting material to a desired shape.

Die Cut Label
Pressure-sensitive labels mounted on a release liner from which the matrix has been removed.

Dimensional Stability
The property of a material which relates to the degree of its growth or shrinkage under various environmental conditions.

Direct Thermal
A specialized printing technology using rapidly heated pins that selectively activate a heat sensitive coating applied to the facestock thus forming the desired image.

Doctor Blade
An adjustable knife-like bar which controls the amount of adhesive on the glue wheel.

Dwell
The time during which a PS material remains on a surface before testing for permanence or removability.

Edge Lift
The tendency of the edge of a label to rise off the surface of the substrate. This condition occurs most frequently on small diameter curved surfaces. Resistance to edge life is dependent on the bond strength of the adhesive and the flexibility of the facestock.

Edge Ooze
Uneven adhesive residue around label perimeter

Electronic Data Processing
Data processing by electronic equipment. Pressure sensitive labels produced for imprinting on this equipment incorporate line hole punching and perforations.

Elongation
The increase in length of a material produced by extending it to the point of rupture.

Embossing
Impressing an image in relief to achieve a raised surface; either overprinting or on blank paper (called blind embossing).

Emulsion Adhesive
A dispersion of the fine particles or globules in another liquid. Many PS adhesives are emulsion systems.

Exposure Temperature
The temperature that a labeled product is exposed to.

Extrude
To expel or force through a measured orifice to apply a molten thermoplastic adhesive onto a web.

Face
Material Any material, including paper, film, fabric, laminated or solid foil, suitable for converting into PS label stock.

Fan Fold
Zig-zag fold. The put-up of pressure-sensitive labels on a continuous backing in such a way as to form a flat pack as different from roll form.
 
FDA
Food and Drug Administration. Regulations for PS applications apply to the following area: Adhesives: (1) Direct food contact, such as labeling of fruit and vegetable with an edible skin (175.125); (2) Indirect food contact, where incidental between an adhesive and a food may be possible (175.105).

Film Coating
Application of light, pigmented coating.

Films
Acetate, polyester, polyethylene vinyls and other polymeric. Face material manufacturing from synthetic high molecular weight polymers.

Finish
The surface property of a film determined by its texture and gloss. A gloss finish, for example, can be shiny and highly reflective, while a matte finish is generally dull and reflects little light.

Fish Eye
Round or oval deformation in an adhesive, coating, or ink.

Flame Retardant
A material that resists burning when exposed to a flame.

Flexibility
Property of facestock material that indicates how readily it conforms to curved surfaces.

Flexographic Printing
A method of rotary letterpress printing.

Flow
In printing, the ability of an ink to spread over the surface the rollers of a press.

Food Contact Adhesives
Adhesives meeting specified sections of the Food & Drug Administration Code of Federal Regulations. These regulations cover direct food labeling as well as incidental contact. Special product recommendations are necessary for specific applications. F.O.B. Free on board. Indicates that a quoted price includes loading on a railroad car or truck at the designated point, but no further transportation cost are included.

Ghosting
A haze-like deposit of an adhesive left by a tape after its removal.

Gloss
A shiny finish on a smooth surface such as vinyl or paint.

Grain
The machine direction of paper as opposed to the cross direction. Also, a measurement of pressure-sensitive adhesive on a given area.

Gravure Printing
A printing process that employs minute engraved wells. Deeply etched wells carry more ink than a raised surface, hence print darker value shallow wells are used to print values. A doctor blade wipes excess ink from the cylindrical printing surface.

Haze
A degree of cloudiness in a plastic material.

Heat Aging
A controlled environment to provide an indication of any deterioration of an end use or finished product.

Heat Resistance
Property of a material which inhibits the occurrence of physical or chemical changes caused by exposure to high temperatures.

High Temperature Adhesive
An adhesive that will enable a pressure-sensitive label to adhere or stick well when applied to a hot substrate and has a high degree of resistance to aging or deterioration at elevated temperatures.

Hot Melt
A pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to the liner or backing in a hot molten form which cools to form a conventional pressure-sensitive adhesive.

Hot Stamping  
A decorating process in which the desired image is transferred to a substrate by a heated, positive copy die. Images are normally limited to one color positive copy line.

Impact Printing
Any printing system where a micro processor controlled drives a ribbon into contact with the print surface (dot matrix) or the print surface into contact with the ribbon drum printer).

Impregnated Paper
A general term for soft porous papers which are to be or impregnated with solutions or compounds of various types. Wet tensile strength and degree or rate of are important qualities.

Impression Cylinder
In printing, the cylinder on a printing press against which paper picks up the impression from the inked plate in direct printing, or the blanket in offset printing.

Initial Tack
Adhesives usually have two adhesive stages: 1) Initial tack at which time it is sticky enough to hold parts together; (2) Set at which point the adhesives has firmly bonded them.

Injection Blow Molding
A molding procedure whereby a heat softened plastic is forced from a cylinder into a relatively cool cavity which gives the article the desired shape.

Ink Fountain
In printing presses, the device which stores and supplies ink the inking rollers.

Ink Jet
A method of printing using liquid ink projected a drop at a time against a substrate.

Knife Coating
A method of adhesive coating. It essentially consists of a rigid adjustable blade mounted above a roll. The adhesive is pumped behind the blade so it is pulled under the blade.

Kraft
A sulphate wood pulp paper. Label The functional portion of a pressure-sensitive construction comprising the face sheet and adhesive, die cut into various shapes.

Lacquer
A solution or suspension of one or more materials in volatile solvents capable of forming a protective and or decorative film or a film with special surface properties, after the solvents have evaporated.

Laminate
A web material formed by bonding two or more materials together.

Laser
The acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission radiation. The laser is an intense light beam with very narrow band width that can produce images by electronic. It makes possible imaging by remote control from computers or facsimile transmission.

Laser Printing
A non-impact electrophotographic process utilizing a laser beam to scan the surface of the drum creating a latent image which attracts toner. The toner is then transfer fused into the print surface.

Latex Paper
Impregnated Paper / Saturated Paper. Paper manufactured by two major processes: 1) the latex is incorporated with the fibers in the beater to formation of the sheet; 2) a performed web of absorbent fiber is saturated with properly latex. The papers are characterized by strength, folding endurance, resistance to penetration by water, flexibility durability and resistance to abrasion.

Lay Flat
An adhesive material with good non-curling and non-characteristics.

Letterpress Printing
Printing process in which ink is applied to a surface from portions of rigid printing plates or type.

Lifting
Refers to the condition when a tape, on its own accord comes away from the surface to which it was applied.

Liner Side
In roll form it is referred to that side of the roll protected by the release liner.

Luster
Gloss of a finish.

Machine Coated
Paper which is coated one or two sides on a paper machine.

Machine Direction
The direction of paper parallel to its forward movement on paper machine.

Machine Finish
The finish applied on the paper machine. The finish is in a wove or laid design and is between Vellum and English finish in smoothness. The finish is commonly referred to as MF (machine finish).

Matrix
Ladder, skeleton, waste. The face and adhesive layers of a sensitive construction surrounding a die-cut label which have been removed after die-cutting.

Matte Finish
A dull finish. A deglossed surface.

Memory
The property of a material that attempts to return to its original dimensions after being distorted.

Metallized Film
A plastic or resinous film that has been coated on one side with a very thin layer of metal.

Migration
The movement of one or more of the components of a pressure-sensitive adhesive to either a substrate or face material; the movement of one or more of the components of either or both the face material and the substrate into the adhesive and ink.

Mils
Used in describing adhesive coat weights, thickness. The term means thousandths of an inch.

Minimum Application Temperature
The lowest temperature at which an adhesive will function.

Moisture Content
Percent moisture. The moisture present in a material, as determined by specified methods.

Moisture Resistant
That property of a sheet which resists uptake or passage of moisture. Usually achieved by adding sizing.

Natural Colored
Applied to papers whose colors result from the nature of the stock used when no bleach or coloring has been added. In the case of kraft, its natural color is a tan or light brown

Non-Blocking
Pertaining to an applied adhesive to itself and or other surfaces under normal stacked storage conditions.

Non-Impact Printing
This encompasses various print processes including Thermal (direct and indirect), Ink Jet and Toner.

Non-Oriented Film
Film which has not been subject to stress to align the polymer chains and improve properties.

Non-Woven Materials
Random interlocked paper tissues or synthetics bonded to each other with heat pressure or resinous materials.

Offset Printing
A process of indirect printing in which an impression of type or a design on a flat plate is printed on a rubber blanketed cylinder from which it is impressed.
 
Olefins
A group of unsaturated hydrocarbons of the general formula CnH2n and named after the corresponding paraffins by the addition of "ene" or "ylene" to the stem. Examples are ethylene and propylene.

Oozing
A "squeezing out" of the adhesive from under the backing, occurring when the tape is in roll form, the edges of the roll become tacky.

Opacity
That property of a paper or film which prevents "show through" of dark printing on or in contact with the backside of the sheet. This is opposite of transparency.

Opaque Ink
An ink that conceals all color beneath it.

Orange Peel
A pebbled appearance of a surface. Small, rounded hills and valleys caused by uneven liquid flow in coating or printing.

Overlaminating
Application of clear film to a graphic for the purpose of protection or to enhance the graphic quality.

Overlap
Wrap-around labeling of a container in which one end of the label overlaps the other.

Oxidation
The chemical reaction involving the process of combining with oxygen to form an oxide; the deterioration of an adhesive film due to atmospheric exposure; the breakdown of a hot melt adhesive due to prolonged heating and oxide formation.

Paper
A homogeneous formation of primarily cellulose fibers which are formed in water suspension on the machine wire and bound together by weaving of the fibers and by bonding agents.

Pattern Coating
Refers to the width and spacing arrangement of adhesive laid down parallel to machine direction, across the width of a pressure-sensitive stock, during its manufacturing.

Pattern Release
Selectively applying alternating strips of release coating/no release coating in a machine direction pattern that results in a permanent facestock/release liner bond in the non-release coated areas.

Peel Adhesion
Adhesion strength. Peel adhesion is the force required to move a pressure-sensitive label from a standard test panel at a specified angle and speed after the label has been applied to the test panel under specified conditions.

Penetration
Bleed through. Change of appearance of the face material due to movement of one or more components from the adhesive or the substrate.

Perforation
Series of small cuts made in labels and/or their release liner to facilitate tearing along a predetermined line.

Permanent Adhesive
An adhesive characterized by having relatively high ultimate adhesion to a wide variety of surfaces.

Pick
That quality of paper as it relates to the tendency of fibers or particles to be pulled away from the sheet surface when removed from tacky surfaces such as printing plates.

Pigment
In printing inks, the fine solid particles used to give color, body or opacity.

Plasticizer
Softener. A substance added to materials to impart flexibility, workability and elongation.

Plasticizer Migration
Loss of plasticizer from an elastomeric compound that is absorbed into the adhesive. The result is a softening of the adhesive to the point of adhesion failure.

Plate Cylinder
The cylinder of a press on which the plate is mounted.

Pli-A-Print
Latex-impregnated, flexible stock suitable for exposure to moisture.

Polyester
A strong film having good resistance to moisture, solvents, oils and many other chemicals. It is usually transparent.

Polyethylene
An extruded, tough stretchy film having limited temperature resistance but good moisture barrier properties.

Polypropylene
A polyolefin plastic similar in properties to polyethylene but with higher temperature capability and greater strength.

Polystyrene
A water-white thermoplastic produced by the polymerization of styrene. The electrical insulation properties of polystyrene are outstandingly good and the material is relatively unaffected by moisture.

Polythene
Trade name for polyethylene available in films or as custom molded articles.

Porosity
The density of the adherent surface, the property of adhesive absorption by the adherent surface.

Pressure-Sensitive
A term used to designate a distinct category of adhesive which, in dry (solvent free) form, is aggressive and permanent or removable at room temperature and adheres to a variety of surfaces without the need of more than finger or hand pressure. Requires no activation by water, solvent or heat and has sufficient cohesive strength so it can be handled with the fingers.

Ream
Five hundred sheets of paper.

Register
The exact corresponding placement of successively printed and/or successively die-cut pressure-sensitive labels.

Release
The force required to remove the release liner from the facestock at a specified speed and angle.

Release Coat
Release lacquer. The release liner treatment material that allows pressure-sensitive labels to release from the release liner.

Release Liner
Backing. Liner lining. The portion of the label that receives the release coating. Prior to application, it protects the adhesive and provides support for the facestock during the die cutting operation and allows the label to be transported to a label applicator or through a computer printer.

Removable Adhesive
A pressure-sensitive adhesive characterized by low ultimate adhesion to a wide variety of surfaces, that can be removed without damage to either the label or the substrate.

Repositioning
The relamination of labels to a different location on the backing paper following die cutting.

Residue
Adhesive left on a substrate when a label is removed.

Reverse Roll Coating
The coating is premetered between rolls and then wiped off on the web. The amount of coating is controlled by the metering gap and also by the speed of rotation of the coating roll.

Rewinding
The operation of winding the paper from the reel on to a core to produce rolls of the desired width, diameter and tension.

Rotary Press
A printing press using plates formed to fit rolls and using paper in continuous rolls. Newspapers use rotary presses.

Rubber Base Adhesive
A pressure-sensitive adhesive based on natural or synthetic rubbers.

Screen Printing
A method of printing in which the ink is forced through the image area of a properly stretched fabric, by the use of a squeegee, or in some cases air pressure directly on to the substrate to be printed.

Self-Wound
A roll material with a single liner which is coated on both sides with a release lacquer and a carrier having pressure-sensitive adhesive on both sides.

Service Temperature
The temperature range that a PS label will withstand after a 24 hour residence time on the substrate. The range is expressed in degrees Fahrenheit.

Shear Adhesion
The time required, under specified test condition, to slide a standard area of pressure-sensitive label from a standard flat surface in a direction parallel to the surface.

Shear Cutter
A slitting machine that slits tape with two rotating knives duplicating a scissor action.

Shear Strength
Internal or cohesive strength of the adhesive.

Shear Test
A method of separating two adhesive bonded materials by forcing (either by compression or tension) the interfaces to slide over each other. The force exerted is distributed over the entire bonded area at the same time. Strengths are recorded in pounds per square inch.

Sheeting
Process whereby rolls of PS base stock are converted into sheets of finished labels by cutting them to the desired length in the sheeting stations on a rotary press.

Shelf-Life
Storage life. The period of time during which a product can be stored under specified conditions and still remain suitable for use.

Shrink Wrapping
A technique of packaging in which the strains in a plastic film are released by raising the temperature of the film thus causing it to shrink over the package.

Shrinkage
Reduction in any dimension of a tape. Size A chemical substance, such as rosin or a synthetic polymer, coated on an adherent surface so as to reduce water absorption, scuffing, and oil penetration.

Silicone
A unique polymer system which can be a very effective release coating, or pressure-sensitive adhesive capable of functioning effectively at extreme temperatures.

Silicone Adhesive
Adhesive compounds of this base have remarkable stability through a wide temperature range. Chief limitations in use are their high temperature cure, sensitivity to and aromatic fuels and relatively high cost.

Slip Sheet
A release treated sheet used to protect the edges of rolls from sticking to each other while stacked.

Slitter
A sharp disk which cuts paper into pre-determined widths.

Smudge
Resistance Smear Resistance. Resistance of a printed paper surface to ink blurring or smearing and thus related to the absorption of the paper.

Solvent
A chemical substance capable of dissolving another material; a liquid used to clean adhesive contamination from machine parts.

Tack
Quick adhesion. The property of a pressure-sensitive label which causes it to adhere to a surface instantly with a minimum of pressure and contact time as measured by TLM Tester or equivalent equipment.

Tamper Proof Label
Destructive label. A pressure-sensitive construction made with a face material having a low strength so that attempted removal of a label made from this stock will usually result in destruction of the label.

Tear Strength
The force required to tear a specimen under standardized conditions in an instrument designed to simulate in a general way the tearing encountered under use conditions.

Telescoping
A sideways sliding of the tape layers, one over the other, such that the roll looks like a funnel or telescope.

Tensile Strength
The force parallel to the plane of the specimen required to break a given width and length of paper under specified conditions.

Thermal
Adjective describing the effects of temperature or heat, e.g. thermal effects.

Thermal Transfer
A thermal printing process utilizing a temperature sensitive ribbon that through heat and pressure is selectively transferred to a printable surface thus creating the desired image. The ink is transferred from the ribbon to the print surface thus the term "thermal transfer."

Thickness
Caliper. Distance from one surface of either a tape backing, or adhesive, to the other, usually expressed in mils or thousands of an inch. This is usually measured under slight pressure with a special gauge.

Tie Coat
One layer of a coating system used to improve the adhesion of adjacent or succeeding coats.

Titanium Dioxide
A white pigment manufactured from titanium ores and used as such or mixed with barium or calcium sulphate as a loading or coating material. These are characterized by great whiteness and brightness. Also used as a paint pigment.

Tooth
A characteristic of paper, a slightly rough finish, which permits it to take ink readily.

Transfer
Normally refers to "adhesive transfer." Any tape component which moves from its proper place to some other position during unwind or removal.

Transparency
That property of a material which transmits light rays so that objects can be distinctly seen through the specimen.

Transparent Label
A pressure-sensitive label whose face material, adhesive and protective coatings, transmit light so that objects can be seen through.

Tunneling
A condition occurring in completely bonded laminates, characterized by release of longitudinal portions of the substrates and deformation of these portions to form tunnel-like structures.

Ultimate Adhesion
The maximum adhesion available from a pressure-sensitive adhesive, determined by the force necessary to remove a strip of tape from a surface after an extended period of time.

Ultimate Strength
Term used to describe the maximum unit stress a material will withstand when subjected to an applied load in a compression, tension, or shear.

Ultra-Violet Resistance (UV)
The ability of a material to withstand extended exposure to sunlight (ultra-violet) without degradation, hardening or excessive discoloration.

Unbleached
A term applied to paper or pulp which has not been treated with bleaching agents.

Untrimmed
Paper cut by slitters with the grain and by rotary cutters across the grain on a sheeting machine. This is less accurate and smooth than guillotine cutting.

Unwind
The force required to remove tape from the roll.

Unwind Side
That side of the tape which is exposed as it is unwound from a roll.

UV
Ultra Violet light. UV is an important factor to consider when choosing an adhesive. UV can degrade some adhesives with extended exposure.

UV Stabilizer
Any chemical compound which, when admixed with a thermoplastic resin, selectively absorbs UV rays.

Varnish
Over-lacquer. A solution or suspension of one or more materials forming a protective or decorative film by oxidation, polymerization, or evaporation.

Vinyl or PVC
Plasticized Poly-Vinyl Chloride. A tough durable plastic film having excellent resistance to oils, chemicals and many solvents. It has excellent abrasion-resistance.

Viscosity
In printing inks, a broad term encompassing the properties of tack and flow.

Void
An uncoated area of either the adhesive or release coating of the tape.

Water Absorption
The measure of the amount of water which will be soaked in.

Watermark
In papermaking, a design impressed on paper by the raised pattern of the dandy roll during manufacture.

Waterproof
A relative term applied to papers which have been heavily treated or laminated to resist moisture.

Wax Coating
The operation of applying a coating of paraffin or other wax to a sheet of paper.

Weatherability
The capability of a pressure-sensitive label to withstand the effects of weather.

Web
A continuous sheet of pliable manufactured material.

Web Tension
The amount of pull or tension applied in the direction of travel of a web of paper by the action of a web-fed press.

Wet-Strength
The tensile strength of paper if it is wetted after manufacture. Wet strength is increased by adding certain synthetic resins to the furnish.

Wet Tensile Strength
The tensile strength of a specimen of paper after it has been wetted with water under specified conditions. The wet strength may be of a more or less temporary nature, as in paper towels and tissues of a more permanent nature, as in bag papers, cookery parchment etc., where the paper is in contact with water for longer period of time.

Wetting
The ability of an adhesive to flow uniformly over the laminated surface to which it is bonded.

Wicking
Tendency of a liquid to travel through paper.

Wire Side
That side of a paper which has come into contact with the wire of the paper machine during the process of manufacture

With the Grain
Folding or feeding paper into a press parallel to the grain of the paper.
Label Label that extends completely around bottle or can.

Wrinkles
Distortion in the material represented by creases which interrupt the continuous, smooth nature of the web. Wrinkles can be encountered running in any direction on the web.

Yellowing
Defect manifested by a gradual color change in the original appearance of a pressure-sensitive label characterized by the development of yellowish and brownish hues.